# iterating over split characters
words = "one two three"
words.each do |word|
    puts word           # prints one, two, and three on separate lines
end

# appending to a string
words << " four"
puts words              # prints "one two three four"

# multiplying
puts "Ho! " * 3         # prints "Ho! Ho! Ho!"

# splitting strings
puts words[0..3]        # prints "one"
puts words[/t.*\s/]     # pritns "two three"

# iterate over the bytes in a string
"hi".each_byte do |byte|
    puts byte
end

# reversing a string
puts "foobar".reverse

# converting strings
puts "deadbeef".hex     # convert hex to a number
puts "456".oct          # convert oct to a number
puts "123".to_i         # convert string to a number

# multi-line strings
multiline = <<EOF
    here we are now
    entertain us
    i feel stupid
    and contagous
EOF
puts multiline

# embedded strings
puts "5 * 5 = #{5 * 5}"

# alternate quotations
puts %Q{It's the end of the world as we know it}